ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Current research supports the fact that prophylactic ankle taping (AT) is effective in preventing ankle injuries in amateur and elite sports athletes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of AT on balance, knee valgus during drop jump and single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ) landings, and ankle range of motion (ROM) restriction in healthy participants. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Participants: Thirty-nine healthy individuals participated in this study and performed the movements under two conditions (with and without tape). Outcome measurements: ankle ROM, balance, SL-CMJ height, flight time, ground time, and knee valgus. Before any intervention, a random process was developed with a 1:1 allocation ratio, and the participants were assigned to groups A (tape-no tape) and B (no tape-tape). RESULTS: Significant differences between tape and no-tape moments were observed for drop jump knee valgus flexion (P = 0.007), with an increase in knee valgus in participants with ankle taping. Similarly, the Y-balance testshowed a significant decrease in all variables (P = 0.001 and), ankle dorsiflexion (P = 0.001) in participants with ankle taping. CONCLUSIONS: AT is effective for immediate ankle ROM restriction. However, an increase in knee valgus during drop jump task and a decrease in lower limb balance were observed during drop jump task. Based on these results, it can be concluded that AT application in healthy individuals should not be recommended as it results in increase in injury risk factors.

Abstract In Argentina, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC-HUS) infection is endemic, and reliable data about prevalence and risk factors have been available since 2000. However, information about STEC-associated bloody diarrhea (BD) is limited. A prospective study was performed during the period October Surveillance; 2018-June 2019 in seven tertiary-hospitals and 18 referral units from different regions, aiming of STEC-HUS cases in the same hospitals and during the same period were also assessed. Twenty-nine (4.1%) of the BD patients were STEC-positive, as determined by the Shiga Toxin Quik Chek (STQC) test and/or the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay. The highest fre-quencies were found in the Southern region (Neuquén, 8.7%; Bahía Blanca, 7.9%), in children between 12 and 23 month of age (8.8%), during summertime. Four (13.8%) cases progressed to HUS, three to nine days after diarrhea onset. Twenty-seven STEC-HUS in children under 5 years of age (77.8%) were enrolled, 51.9% were female; 44% were Stx-positive by STQC and all by mPCR. The most common serotypes were O157:H7 and O145:H28 and the prevalent geno-types, both among BD and HUS cases, were sfx2a-only or -associated. Considering the endemic behavior of HUS and its high incidence, these data show that the rate of STEC-positive cases is low among BD patients. However, the early recognition of STEC-positive cases is important for patient monitoring and initiation of supportive treatment.

Resumen En Argentina, el síndrome urémico hemolítico asociado a Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC-SUH) es endémico y, desde 2000, de notificación obligatoria. Sin embargo, la información sobre diarrea sanguinolenta (DS) asociada a STEC (DS-STEC) es limitada. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo desde octubre de 2018 hasta junio de 2019 en siete hospitales de tercer nivel y 18 unidades de referencia de diferentes provincias argentinas, con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de casos de DS-STEC en 714 niños de 1 a 9 años que tuvieron DS (I) y la tasa de progresión de DS a SUH en dicha cohorte (II). También se evaluó el número y distribución regional de casos de STEC-SUH en los mismos hospitales en dicho período. Veintinueve casos de DS (4,1%) fueron STEC-positivos, determinados por Shiga Toxin Quik Chek (STQC) o PCR múltiple (mPCR). Las frecuencias más altas se encontraron en el sur del área relevada (Neuquén, 8,7%; Bahía Blanca, 7,9%), en niños de 12 a 23 meses (8,8%), en verano. Cuatro casos de DS-STEC (13,8%) progresaron a SUH, de tres a nueve días después del inicio de la diarrea. Se registraron 27 niños con STEC-SUH, estos fueron mayoritariamente <5 anos (77,8%) del sexo femenino (51,9%). El 44% de estos casos fueron Stx-positivos por STQC y todos por mPCR. Los serotipos más comunes fueron O157:H7y O145:H28, y el genotipo predominante fue stx2a, solo o asociado, en DS y SUH. Considerando el comportamiento endémico del SUH y su alta incidencia, estos datos muestran que la tasa de casos de DS-STEC es baja. Sin embargo, su reconocimiento temprano es importante para el seguimiento e inicio del tratamiento de sostén.

ABSTRACT Although the female inflorescences of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) are mainly used in the brewing industry, they were first used as a medicinal plant. The antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites, biosynthesized phenolic compounds, and derivatives such as α- and β-acids have been increasingly researched along with cleaner and more efficient extraction practices. Extraction is one of the methodologies used to isolate components from plant-based materials. Supercritical fluid extraction has become the most commonly used method for removing natural chemical components because it is more environmentally friendly, readily available, and non-hazardous. There is interest among researchers to extract bioactive compounds from hops with benefits for human health. This review describes the antimicrobial potential of compounds extracted from hops. Their composition, antibacterial and antifungal properties are explained. The effect of extraction methods on antimicrobial properties is discussed. Finally, the supercritical CO2 method used to extract the antibacterial and antifungal potential of compounds from hops is reported.

Abstract Liver rupture secondary to preeclampsia represents a complication that, if is not recognized early, can be fatal. Its presentation is rare, but very complex to treat, having options that are not clearly protocolized and usually derive from the experience of the surgeon who faces it. We present a case of liver rupture of a patient from Toluca, State of Mexico who was admitted by emergency air transfer with immediate puerperium complicated by severe preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, liver rupture with hemodynamic instability, it was necessary to intervene surgically for a total of seven occasions to control the hemorrhage, as well as pharmacological, medical measures and multiple transfusions; however, she died on the eighteenth day of his hospitalization for septic shock.

Resumen: El principal objetivo de este estudio es determinar cuáles son las competencias blandas que influyen en la empleabilidad laboral desde la percepción de los recién egresados de ingeniería en una universidad del noreste de México. La Organización para la Cooperación y del Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) reporta que los empleadores advierten que los profesionistas tienen niveles deficientes de desarrollo de competencias blandas y que su formación académica universitaria no coincide con los conocimientos y funciones a desempeñar, ocasionando baja empleabilidad laboral. El diseño metodológico es cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental. Se elabora y valida un instrumento que se aplica a través de un formulario electrónico a un total de 170 egresados. Los resultados muestran una correlación entre la resolución de problemas, toma de decisiones y liderazgo, con la variable dependiente empleabilidad laboral. Se concluye que la resolución de problemas toma de decisiones y liderazgo influyen positivamente en la empleabilidad laboral.

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to determine what soft skills most affect job employability from the perception of recent engineering graduates at a university in northeastern Mexico. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reports that employers warn that professionals have poor levels of soft skill development and that university academic training does not meet the knowledge and functions required, causing low job employability. The methodological design of the present study is quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental. A validated instrument is applied through an electronic form to a total of 170 graduates. The results reveal a strong correlation between problem solving, decision-making, and leadership, with the dependent variable labor employability. In conclusion, problem solving, decision-making, and leadership positively influence job employability.

Resumen Antecedentes: Una prescripción potencialmente inapropiada (PPI) constituye un riesgo de presentar efectos adversos por un fármaco que superan los beneficios de este, pudiendo considerarse como uso inadecuado de medicamentos. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas en pacientes geriátricos hospitalizados en el servicio de medicina interna de un hospital de referencia en México. Material y métodos: Diseño descriptivo transversal, con asignación simple de expedientes clínicos de pacientes hospitalizados mayores de 65 años, entre enero de 2016 y agosto de 2017. Se aplicaron los criterios STOPP y START para identificar el número de PPI, cantidad de medicamentos prescritos, presencia, cantidad y tipo de comorbilidades, así como días de estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de 73.3 % de PPI y las principales comorbilidades fueron hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se cuantificaron 1885 medicamentos prescritos; la estancia hospitalaria media fue de 6.3 días. Conclusiones: Se identificó alta prevalencia de PPI en los pacientes geriátricos hospitalizados, de ahí la importancia de aplicar los criterios STOPP y START y del papel del farmacéutico en la validación de la prescripción antes de la administración de medicamentos.

Abstract Background: Potentially inappropriate prescription (PIP) constitutes a risk for the development of adverse effects of a drug that outweigh its benefits, which can be considered inappropriate medication use. Objective: To describe the prevalence of PIP in geriatric patients hospitalized at the internal medicine department of a referral hospital in Mexico. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive design, with simple allocation of medical records from patients older than 65 years hospitalized between January 2016 and August 2017. The STOPP/START criteria were applied to identify the number of PIPs, the number of prescribed medications, number and type of comorbidities, as well as days of hospital stay. Results: A prevalence of PIP of 73.3% was identified, with main comorbidities being hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 1,885 prescribed medications were quantified; mean hospital stay was 6.3 days. Conclusions: A high prevalence of PIP was identified in hospitalized geriatric patients, hence the importance of applying the STOPP/START criteria and of the role of the pharmacist for validating the prescription prior to drug administration.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del rizoma seco de jengibre (RSJ) sobre la fermentación ruminal in vitro, producción de metano (CH4) y dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los tratamientos fueron dietas con 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 y 40% de RSJ incubados durante 72 horas en fermentación in vitro con líquido ruminal obtenido de dos novillos machos. Se determinó la degradabilidad de materia seca (DMS), producción de gas (PG), CH4 y CO2, volumen máximo de gas (Vmax), fase de retardo (L), tasa de PG (S), energía metabolizable (EM) y factor de partición (FP) en un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar, con tres bloques y nueve repeticiones. El Vmax y EM disminuyeron significativamente a partir de 10% de RSJ (P ≤ 0.05), mientras que el FP aumentó con 20 y 40%. La PG acumulado disminuyó a partir de las 18 h de incubación con 10, 20 y 40% de RSJ (P ≤ 0.05). La DMS disminuyó a partir de las 24 h con 40% de RSJ (P ≤ 0.05). La producción y concentración de CH4 disminuyeron a partir de 5% de RSJ en la dieta (P ≤ 0.05). El 5% de RSJ en la dieta disminuye la producción y concentración de CH4 sin afectar de forma negativa otras variables de la fermentación ruminal.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dried ginger rhizome (RSJ) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production. The treatments were diets with 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40% RSJ incubated for 72 h in an in vitro fermentation with ruminal fluid collected from two male steers. Dry matter degradability (DMS), gas production (PG), CH4 and CO2, maximum gas volume (Vmax), lag phase (L), fermentation rate (S), metabolizable energy (ME) and partition factor (FP) were evaluated in an experiment with a randomized block experimental design, with three blocks and nine repetitions. Vmax and EM significantly decreased with 10% or higher RSJ (P ≤ 0.05), while FP increased at 20 and 40%. The accumulated PG decreased at 18 h of incubation and onwards with 10, 20 and 40% RSJ (P ≤ 0.05). The DMS decreased after 24 h with 40% RSJ (P ≤ 0.05). CH4 production and concentration decreased with 5% RSJ in the diet (P ≤ 0.05), without further reduction at higher concentrations of RSJ. Inclusion of 5% RSJ in the diet decreases CH4 production and concentration without negatively affecting other ruminal fermentation variables.

Abstract Objective (1) to determine the effects of the silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) in demineralized dentin exposed to an acid challenge by pH-cycling, (2) to evaluate the remineralizing capacity of SDF/NaF products based on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the treated dentin surfaces. Methodology In total, 57 human molars were evaluated in different stages of the experimental period: sound dentin – negative control (Stage 1), demineralized dentin – positive control (Stage 2), and dentin treated with SDF/NaF products + pH-c (Stage 3). Several commercial products were used for the SDF treatment: Saforide, RivaStar, and Cariestop. The mineral composition and crystalline and morphological characteristics of the dentin samples from each experimental stage were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) analytical techniques. Moreover, the mechanical response of the samples was analyzed by means of the three-point bending test. Statistics were estimated for ATR-FTIR variables by Wilcoxon test, while the mechanical data analyses were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. Results Regarding the chemical composition, we observed a higher mineral/organic content in the SDF/NaF treated dentin + pH-c groups (Stage 3) than in the positive control groups (Saforide p=0.03; Cariestop p=0.008; RivaStar p=0.013; NaF p=0.04). The XRD results showed that the crystallite size of hydroxyapatite increased in the SDF/NaF treated dentin + pH-c groups (between +63% in RivaStar to +108% in Saforide), regarding the positive control. SEM images showed that after application of the SDF/NaF products a crystalline precipitate formed on the dentin surface and partially filled the dentin tubules. The flexural strength (MPa) values were higher in the dentin treated with SDF/NaF + pH-c (Stage 3) compared to the positive control groups (Saforide p=0.002; Cariestop p=0.04; RivaStar p=0.04; NaF p=0.02). Conclusions The application of SDF/NaF affected the physicochemical and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin. According to the results, the use of SFD/NaF had a remineralizing effect on the dentin surface even under acid challenge.

ABSTRACT It is clear that physical education is considered a compulsory subject and as such should be la-belled as an important subject, but this perspective is not always shared by the educational community. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of families with children enrolled in compulsory education about the subject of physical education. To this end, an ad hoc questionnaire was administered, consisting of 15 questions, two of which were socio-demographic in nature and the rest of which were Likert-type responses. The study is a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study sample consisted of a total of 120 respondents (M=40.28 years; SD= 6.95). Participants were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. The results showed a lack of knowledge regarding the subject of physical education which implies that there are diverse opinions about the functioning and the proposed aim of this subject. However, physical education should be seen as an essential subject for the integral development of the student.

RESUMO É evidente que a educação física é considerada uma disciplina obrigatória e como tal deve ser rotulada como uma disciplina importante, mas esta perspectiva nem sempre é partilhada pela comunidade educativa. O objectivo deste estudo era explorar a percepção das famílias com crianças matriculadas no ensino obrigatório sobre o tema da educação física. Para o efeito, foi administrado um questionário ad hoc, constituído por 15 perguntas, duas das quais de natureza sócio-demográfica e as restantes respostas eram do tipo Likert-. O estudo é um estudo não-experimental, descritivo, de corte transversal. A amostra do estudo consistiu num total de 120 respondentes (M=40,28 anos; SD=6,95). Os participantes foram seleccionados através de amostragem sem fins lucrativos. Os resultados mostraram uma falta de conhecimento sobre o tema da educação física, o que implica que existem opiniões diversas sobre o funcionamento e o objectivo proposto para este tema. No entanto, a educação física deve ser vista como um assunto essencial para o desenvolvimento integral do estudante.

Abstract: The main objective of this research study is to identify the challenges faced by audiovisual communication university professors during their adaptation to virtual teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study also exposes lessons learned, within the analyzed educational framework, during this public health crisis. For this purpose, two different questionnaires are applied. The first is sent to professors at four Faculties of Communication located in Spain, Ecuador, and Colombia. The second questionnaire is sent to the deans of the four institutions under study. The results show that one of the main difficulties encountered by professors is related to a lack of competence in the use of new technologies. It is concluded that compulsory virtual teaching was conducted in the institutions examined thanks to the fact that they have implemented powerful administrative mechanisms and technological tools that allowed countering issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen: El principal objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los desafíos a los que se ha enfrentado el profesorado universitario del área de comunicación audiovisual en su adaptación a la docencia virtual durante la pandemia COVID-19. También se exponen las lecciones que ha dejado esta crisis sanitaria en el contexto educativo analizado. Para ello, se aplican dos cuestionarios diferentes. El primero de ellos dirigido a los docentes de cuatro Facultades de Comunicación ubicadas en España, Ecuador y Colombia y, el segundo, a los/as decanos/as de las instituciones objeto de estudio. Los resultados muestran que una de las principales dificultades para el profesorado está relacionada con sus carencias competenciales en el uso de nuevas tecnologías. Se concluye que la docencia virtual obligatoria ha sido posible en estas instituciones gracias a que han contado con potentes mecanismos administrativos y tecnológicos que les han permitido contrarrestar los inconvenientes causados por la pandemia COVID-19.

Resumen Introducción: Las bioprótesis de válvulas cardiacas son el estándar de oro para el reemplazo quirúrgico de la válvula aórtica en pacientes seleccionados. Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de la válvula cardiaca bioprotésica del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (INC) en humanos. Métodos: Estudio unicéntrico que incluyó 341 pacientes que se sometieron a reemplazo valvular quirúrgico único de válvula aórtica con válvula INC. Resultados: Se realizaron 318 implantes de novo (93 %) y 23 como segunda cirugía (7 %); las puntuaciones STS fueron de 1.4 y 1.8 % y el seguimiento de 42 y 46 meses, respectivamente. No existieron diferencias en las complicaciones ni en la tasa de implantación de marcapasos. Ambos grupos mantuvieron una FEVI normal. Se observó mejoría global en la clase funcional con empeoramiento solo en dos pacientes del grupo de novo. La disfunción de la prótesis INC que ameritó reintervención quirúrgica se observó en ocho pacientes (4.65 %) del grupo de novo versus un paciente (7.69 %) con segunda cirugía. Conclusiones: La válvula cardiaca INC es eficaz y segura, se asocia a baja tasa de complicaciones y mejoría de la clase funcional durante el seguimiento a largo plazo. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos comparativos de esta válvula.

Abstract Introduction: Heart valve bioprostheses are the gold standard for aortic valve surgical replacement in selected patients. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the of the National Institute of Cardiology (INC) bioprosthetic heart alve of the National Institute of Cardiology (INC) bioprosthetic heart valve in humans. Methods: Single-center study that ncluded 341 patients who underwent single surgical aortic valve replacement with INC heart valve. Results: 318 implants were performed de novo (93%) and 23 as redo surgery (7%); STS scores were 1.4 and 1.8%, and follow-up was for 42 and 46 months, respectively. There were no differences in clinical complications or pacemaker implantation rate. Both groups maintained a normal LVEF. Overall improvement in functional class was observed, with worsening only in two patients of the de novo group. INC prosthesis dysfunction requiring surgical reintervention was observed in eight patients (4.65%) of the de novo group vs. one patient in the redo group. Conclusions: The INC heart valve is efficacious and safe, and is associated with a The INC heart valve is efficacious and safe, and is associated with a low rate of complications and functional class improvement during long-term follow-up. Prospective, comparative studies of this valve are required.

Abstract Cardiac masses are rare entities that present with a very varied spectrum of clinical manifestations that go from asymptomatic to pictures with severe hemodynamic compromise, within these, cardiac lipomas are the second in frequency within benign lesions. They mainly correspond to benign neoplastic lesions, however, other pathologies such as thrombi, vegetations and variants of normality can occur. Thanks to the availability of high-definition imaging techniques, echocardiography, CT and MRI have increased early detection and treatment. In the therapeutic field, surgical management is offered, since the images do not allow the characterization and reliable differentiation of the nature of cardia masses. It is described the case of a patient with no cardiovascular history, with chronic dyspnea, in whom the presence of CM attached to the ventricle with slight deformation of the right cavities is identified by imaging studies. Was taken to surgical resection confirming the presence of lipoma by histopathology, being this finding the rarest of all benign cardiac tumors. We highlight the importance of knowing this pathology to provide effective and timely treatment to avoid complications that impact morbidity and mortality.

Resumen Las masas cardiacas son entidades raras que cursan con un espectro muy variado de manifestaciones clínicas que van desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta compromiso hemodinámico severo. Entre las lesiones benignas, los lipomas cardiacos son los segundos en frecuencia. Corresponden principalmente a lesiones neoplásicas benignas; no obstante, se pueden presentar otras patologías como trombos, vegetaciones y variantes de la normalidad. Gracias a la disponibilidad de técnicas de imagen de alta definición, como la ecocardiografía, la TC y la RM, ha aumentado su detección y tratamiento temprano. En el ámbito terapéutico se ofrece manejo quirúrgico, pues las imágenes no permiten la caracterización y diferenciación fidedigna de la naturaleza de las masas cardiacas. Se describe el caso de una paciente sin antecedentes cardiovasculares, con historial de disnea crónica, en quien se identificó, a través de estudios imagenológicos, masa cardiaca adosada al ventrículo con deformación leve de cavidades derechas. Fue llevada a resección quirúrgica y por histopatología se confirmó lipoma. Este hallazgo es el más infrecuente de todos los tumores cardíacos benignos. Se resalta la importancia del conocimiento de esta enfermedad para dar tratamiento eficaz y oportuno en aras de evitar complicaciones que impacten en morbimortalidad.